Common questions · Straightforward answers

Frequently Asked Questions

Therapy in Florida

Questions about what it’s like to work together?

 I want you to feel comfortable choosing me as your therapist. If you don’t see your questions answered, reach out 24/7/365.

General Questions

  • Most of my clients seek therapy for substance use disorders and co-occurring disorders such as anxiety, trauma, and borderline personality disorder. I work with adults 18+ who are located in the state of Florida at the time of service. If you’d like to know more about how I work, please see my counseling methods page.

  • Yes, I do. I also work with clients who are looking for help managing the stressors and challenges of coping with anxiety, trauma, or borderline personality disorder. Please see my counseling methods page for more information about the therapeutic modalities I use.

  • I would be happy to schedule a 15 minute exploratory call with you to see if we’re a good fit. Send me a message and I will respond by email within 24 hours.

    If you’re not sure what to talk about in an exploratory call, my Psychotherapy Consultation Call Guide will give you plenty of ideas.

  • I am licensed to provide psychotherapy in Florida. By law, you must be located in Florida at the time of service even though we are meeting online. If you are an out-of-state resident but are physically located in Florida, I can offer counseling services for you only while you are in Florida.

    I am required to verify your location at the start of each session. If you are not located in Florida, the session will be terminated immediately with no refund.

    Please let me know as soon as possible if you’ll be traveling outside the state so we can make arrangements for you to see someone where you’re going or take some assignments with you to work on until you return. Please read my travel policies and procedures to avoid unnecessary fees, misunderstandings, and complications.

    Some time in 2025, the counseling compact will go into effect, making it possible for me to offer services across state lines. If you’re outside of Florida and you’d like me to let you know when that happens, there’s a HIPAA-secure form link on my contact page just for you! I’ll be happy to reach out and connect with you.

  • Nope. My practice is entirely online. If meeting in person is a dealbreaker for you, you’ll want a different therapist.

    I offer therapy via secure video conferencing, phone, and text-messaging. Your initial session will be a video session. After that, it’s up to you whether you prefer video or phone sessions. I recommend video sessions for the first month.

  • Phone therapy is an excellent choice for clients who

    • are constantly on the go.

    • have trouble finding a private space in which to set up a video conference.

    • find it challenging to process all their senses at once and prefer to focus their energy.

    • have difficulty sitting for long periods due to chronic pain or other disabilities.

    • spend a lot of time onscreen and would prefer to limit screen fatigue.

    • want to eliminate grooming time.

  • In our first session, we will discuss how often we should meet. That frequency may change over time. In the beginning, I recommend weekly one-hour weekly video or phone counseling sessions.

    Studies show that long term treatment has the highest success rate. To get the most out of your therapy and make lasting changes, I strongly recommend we meet weekly for a minimum of 6 months. For the first month, I recommend weekly one-hour video sessions. If you prefer phone sessions, we can switch to audio-only sessions after the initial video session. I also offer therapy services via HIPAA-secure text messaging.

    If you'd like to meet more often than once a week, let me know. We will review your treatment plan and progress periodically. If it is warranted, we may decide to meet less frequently. Frequency will be decided collaboratively based on your progress, your outstanding goals, and your state of mind.

  • A treatment plan is like a school syllabus. Can you imagine taking a college course without receiving a syllabus? You wouldn’t know what to do - what to expect of the instructor or what they expect from you. In therapy with me, you'll know what to expect, and you are always welcome to ask questions.

    When I worked in treatment facilities and took over cases from other clinicians, I always asked the clients what they’d been working on in their treatment plans. Believe it or not, the most common response was, “I don’t have one.” This is not likely at treatment facilities. Treatment centers are required to generate treatment plans for all clients in order to get paid.

    So why would a client say they did not have one? It is possible that the clinician did not review the treatment plan with the client, did not provide the client with a copy of it, or wrote it in such clinical language that the client had no idea what was expected of them.

    That's not going to happen with us. I will personalize your program based on the things you tell me you want to work on. I will make sure you understand every aspect of your treatment plan, and I will give you a copy of it so you can refer to it any time you like.

  • I applaud you for caring enough to come here seeking help for someone you love. That takes enormous love and commitment, and I recognize your pain and concern. The professional ethics codes that guide my conduct expressly discourage us from soliciting clients. Calling someone who has not contacted me about therapy for the purpose of talking them into it would be considered solicitation.

    One way I can support your efforts is to encourage you to pass along my website link, my email, and my phone number so your loved one can reach out and ask any questions they might have. Another way I can support you is to suggest you consider therapy for yourself to help you navigate the frustrations you experience if your loved one chooses not to pursue therapy at this time.

    Please be aware that if your loved one does contact me as a result of your legwork, I will not be able to tell you so unless they have signed a release for me to speak with you. That is the law regarding confidentiality.

  • When someone other than the client participates in the client’s therapy, we call that person a collateral. This could be your friends, family, other healthcare professionals, or legal team - anyone who can provide insight or assistance with the therapeutic process. Collaterals are not clients and do not have a right to your records or to records regarding collateral sessions and interviews.

    They get involved one of two ways: collateral sessions or collateral interviews. Collateral sessions take place during a client session. Collateral interviews take place outside a session when you, the client, are not present. I will not hold secrets for a collateral regarding information they offer about you, nor will I keep it from you that someone contacted me about you.

    My role in collateral communications is to gather information and provide educational resources or clinical referrals when beneficial.

    The purpose of interviewing a collateral session without your presence is so people in your life can

    • provide background information or another perspective on your history and current struggles

    • receive education and resources regarding your diagnosis and symptoms

    • improve communications and boundaries between you and the collateral

    • support your progress

  • I do not work with couples or offer family therapy where the family is the client. I do, however, strongly encourage family members to get involved in supporting their loved one’s treatment, and I will invite a family member to join you for your session if you and I agree that it would be helpful. In this context, family sessions should be considered collateral sessions, where you are the individual in therapy and the collateral is there as a supportive presence. The family member is a guest, not a client.

    Such sessions are billed at my base hourly rates. Your family and friends should not expect phone, text, or email contact with me outside of sessions or scheduled interviews. If I am contacted by your family and friends outside of a collateral session or interview, I will

    • not respond at all unless I have a written release of information from you to speak with them.

    • respond in a limited manner according to the written release of information you provided specifically for that contact.

    • respond with “Per HIPAA law, I can neither confirm nor deny whether someone is or has been a client, or even if they have contacted me”.

    • not respond to voice mail messages from collaterals because it is my policy to limit calls to appointments only.

  • Then speak up and we’ll find one that will. It’s natural to experience some discomfort when trying new things. That’s an expected element of therapy. But I don’t ever want you to feel locked into something you aren’t on board with. If the approach we’re working on doesn’t sit well with you, please tell me so I can offer you a different strategy.

  • Yup. I have been in continuous recovery from addiction since 2011. My addiction recovery clients tell me that they feel more comfortable trusting my work with them because of my lived experience in recovery. They know I can understand what they're feeling.

Communication Questions

  • I answer calls by appointment only - no exceptions. You are free to leave a voicemail on my business phone at any hour, 24/7/365. My business voice mail is HIPAA-compliant. All voice mails will be saved and stored securely. I will respond by email or text messaging, so be sure to leave your email address and phone number.

  • If you're a current client, feel free to text at any hour. I really mean it - seriously. I keep my notifications set on silent and check them throughout the day, so you don't have to worry about waking me or interrupting me. Just don't expect a response at any hour.

    I respond to existing clients throughout the day. If you message me by text or email and do not receive a response or acknowledgement within twelve hours, you can assume that I did not receive the message. In that case, please try again, or use an alternate communication channel such as voice mail or the contact form on my website.

    You’ll receive an invitation to secure texting during the intake process.

  • Yes, please do.

    Just be aware of two things:

    1. Your personal email is not secure, so keep that in mind when you send a message about anything you’d like to keep private.

    2. Florida state law does not allow me to provide sessions via email.

    To provide you with a safe, secure, and legal way to ask me questions specific to mental health services, all of the forms on my contact page and my client forms page are HIPAA-compliant.

    You are also welcome to send me a text with your questions about my counseling services at (561) 223-8502, but please be aware that texts sent from your phone’s native texting app will not be secure. Once you have submitted the initial contact and preliminary intake form, I will invite you to a secure text conversation in the iPlum app.

  • I will respond to your intake form within 24 hours. If you haven’t heard back from me within 24 hours, and there’s nothing in your spam folder, please send me a text or email to let me know you’ve submitted the form. My phone number and email can be found in the footer of my website.

    For clients, I respond to phone calls and emails quickly, within 24 hours or less, seven days a week, often within the hour. Text messaging and email messaging are asynchronous. You may occasionally get an immediate response to a text or email, but that will be unusual and should not be expected. In general, I will respond throughout the day. If you message me by text or email and do not receive a response or acknowledgement within twelve hours, you can assume that I did not receive the message. In that case, please try again or use an alternate communication channel.

    Please understand that if I am in session with other clients or otherwise engaged, I may not be able to respond immediately. It is also unlikely that I will be manning the chat during regular sleep hours, though I may surprise you and respond before or after my business hours if I am awake and I see that you’ve just sent a message.

    Please note that these response times apply to clients only. All other contacts should reach out using the relevant forms on my contact page.

Appointment Questions

  • Our first session will last for 60-120 minutes and will take place via video conferencing.

    We will have several goals:

    • Confirm your identity and location.

    • Go over your intake paperwork and informed consent agreement.

    • Address any questions.

    • Establish an emergency management plan.

    • Talk about how to get a hold of each other and how frequently to meet.

    • Get to know each other a bit and identify your goals for treatment.

  • Video Therapy Sessions

    Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays between 12pm and 9pm ET, with the last video session starting no later than 8pm ET.

    Phone Therapy Sessions

    12pm-9pm ET, seven days/week, with the last phone session starting no later than 8pm ET.

    Text-Based Therapy via Secure Texting

    12pm-9pm seven days/week. Fees include messaging in both directions.

    To better serve you, I do not book appointments back-to-back. My schedule tends to book up a or more week in advance, so please keep that in mind if you've got a time preference.

    You might wonder how I avoid burnout. Keep in mind that just because I book sessions seven days a week doesn't mean I have time available every waking hour of all seven days! If I've booked personal time, I consider that time just as booked as it would be for a professional appointment. After all, if I don't model good time management and healthy habits for you, how could you trust me to help you with those issues?

  • Yes to both. Please refer to the above FAQ about my hours.

  • Video sessions are typically booked for one hour. One hour means 60 minutes - not 45-50 minutes. If you'd like to use less time, that's up to you, but you are charged based on what you booked.

    I offer additional time in fifteen-minute increments via video and text messaging if you'd like to go over the hour and the time is available.

  • Most clients prefer weekly sessions at first to build trust, momentum, and continuity. Please see the session frequency section of my appointments and cancelations page for more details.

  • I will ask your scheduling preferences on your preliminary intake form. You can find that form on my website. If you’d prefer to speak with me first, I offer the option of a free 15-minute consultation. After that conversation, I will email a link to my preliminary intake form. 

    Once I've received your completed preliminary intake form and accepted you as a client, I will send you the rest of the intake forms. After you have completed the intake process, you will schedule your appointments directly through me, usually via email or text messaging. 

    I strongly encourage you to communicate about appointments through secure texting or email - sometimes you will want to add a question about therapy, and keeping our communications on secure apps reduces the chance of a privacy breach. During the intake process, I will text you a link to install a HIPAA-secure text messaging app so we can start a private, secure conversation. This app is free for you when you accept my invitation. I will also send you an encrypted email that you can reply to securely.

  • I will send appointment reminders, but you are responsible for keeping the appointments you schedule.

    Reminders will come via email and text, at approximately 48 hours and 24 hours prior to your scheduled appointments.

  • Please familiarize yourself with my appointments and cancelations policies and procedures. You can find them under the client portal tab of the menu at the top of my website. The information is always there for your easy reference - no need to memorize anything.

Service Questions

  • Concierge therapy includes:

    • Video therapy

    • Phone therapy

    • HIPAA-secure text-based therapy through secure text-messaging

    • Your personalized, private e-library

    • Weekly follow-up client care plan

    • Weekly quotes cues

    • Ability to reach me seven days a week

  • Your private e-library will contain digital versions of therapy content that targets the treatment goals you tell me you want to work on, including:

    • Books

    • Workbooks

    • Worksheets

    • Writing activities

    • Journals with prompts

    • Interactive lessons

    • Role-playing activities

    • Micro-learning courses

    • Scenario-based practice activities

    • Videos

    • Podcasts

    • Meditations

    You can work on your private e-library content when you have the energy and desire to dig in. We will talk about your work in sessions. I will provide feedback, and I encourage you to come armed with questions.

    I will build your e-library based on the interests you identify in your intake paperwork, and I will add to it as we go along.

  • Text-based therapy is therapy delivered via text messaging and will usually be asynchronous. It includes messaging in both directions and is a clinical service. Text-based therapy should not be used as a substitute for therapy via video conferencing or phone; it should be used as a complement to it.

    There is a difference between text-based therapy and quick texts for things like setting or changing an appointment.

    Examples of text-based therapy:

    • You want to share your reaction to content while it’s fresh in your mind.

    • You want to check in and let me know how you’re doing, either for accountability or to touch base.

    • You have a question about something you’re working on in therapy.

    • You want to add a new subject area to your therapy.

    • You want to include someone else in your treatment.

    • You want records sent to you, a personal support, or another healthcare provider.

    • You want me to read or watch material that you'd like to discuss in session.

    Please note that Florida law does not allow the provision of telehealth services via email, so if you prefer text-based therapy, we will need to use the secure texting app.

  • Freedom and comfort.

    If you are able to remain in the comfort of familiar surroundings, treatment for addiction may be less disruptive for you. If you commit to treatment through a treatment center, you are limited to their accommodations, their food, their amenities, their schedule. You are stuck going to whatever support meetings or recreational activities they decide to take you to.

    Structure is vital for people in recovery, but you don’t learn to self-monitor when that structure is enforced by someone else. Working with me, you will learn to integrate structure rather than imposing it - right from your own home.

    If your current living situation is contributing to your presenting problems, I may recommend that you seek treatment away from home. If that is not desirable or feasible, we will work on building and maintaining your boundaries instead.

    I will meet you where you’re at.

    In many cases, therapy is goal oriented and focused on finding solutions. But if you’re struggling with addiction, sometimes just the goal of showing up for a therapy session may be all the challenge you can handle right now. If that’s the case, then that’s where you’re at, and we’ll start there. First things first. Maybe we’ll start with talking, and that will be enough at the beginning. Maybe you’ll ask me to read to you, and I’m totally up for that if you find it helpful. Maybe you want to do the work, but you don’t know where to start, so we’ll start it together, in session.

    We’ll work on goal-setting when you are ready. You’ll let me know when that is, and if communicating your needs is hard for you, then we’ll work on that. It’s my job to help you start setting and achieving manageable goals one small step at a time. It may sound corny coming from a stranger, but I will always come from a place of love.

    When I first came into the recovery rooms, people I barely knew would tell me, "I love you, Michelle." And I would think, "How absurd! You don't even know me!" After a few years, I realized they did not mean that they loved me, Michelle. They meant, "I am loving to you. I give you my love." Coming from a place of love doesn't have to be about the other person, although it certainly can be. It's about honoring others' humanity, and it's about my humanity. It's about being the best kind of person I know how to be. I don't always practice love perfectly, but I always keep it in mind. It's an ideal, and it is always worth the effort.

    Variety.

    In addition to your therapy sessions, I will provide you with a personalized, private e-library full of content to read and work on between sessions. The material will include readings, videos, interactive e-learning modules, role playing scenarios, and knowledge checks. You will have access to books and activities that are not publicly available.

    Your needs are likely to evolve and change throughout the course of your therapy, so we will talk often about the type of content that suits you and the format you feel works best for you (talking, reading, writing, watching, listening, etc.). Occasionally, you may find a shift in format helpful depending on what else is going on in your life in terms of demands on your time and attention. Overwhelm is a natural and common feeling in therapy. If you do find yourself feeling overwhelmed, speak up and we will make adjustments.

    Transferable skills.

    As a person in recovery, you should be able to write a resume of your recovery skills, experience, and education. If you have nothing to put on it, it's time to get to work. That's what I'm here for. I will help you build that resume. Putting those skills, experience, and knowledge on paper will give you a roadmap for the kind of opportunities you might pursue.

    Having that roadmap will help you establish credibility with family and friends, get jobs, get into schools, and feel better about yourself. It’s not something you’d give to prospective employers or loved ones, but writing it will give you the language to use during job interviews and in communications with the people who matter to you.

  • Sure.

    For you:

    In addition to working with adults who have problems with substance use, I also work with family members who need a recovery of their own - sometimes for psychoeducation, sometimes to deal with the toll their loved one’s addiction has taken on their lives. In that circumstance, you will be my client rather than the family member who has an addiction.

    For them:

    If you’re contacting me to work with your family member, they must be over 18 and located in Florida. You are welcome to ask questions about my services if you are looking at different therapists. If you decide to go with me, your family member will need to reach out to me themselves to start the intake process. They can do that on my contact page. If you are financially responsible for them and wish to pay for their therapy, they will need to complete an authorization for disclosure and release of information, and you will need to complete a third party payor agreement prior to scheduling the first session. The client can contact me for the the link to that form.

  • Depends on what you’re looking for. If that’s your jam, I do. If it’s not, we’ll go in a different direction. I will say that in my experience, 12-step programs work, but only if you’re actually doing the 12-step work. If all you’re doing is going to meetings and filling a chair, you’re missing out on most of the benefits. If you’re turned off by the religious overtones, I can help you compartmentalize that aspect of 12-step recovery so it works for you too. I talk about using 12-step facilitation on my methods page if you want to read more.

  • Yes.

  • Sometimes. Each family situation is unique. Timing matters because sometimes family members are ready to hear from each other, and sometimes they are not. I do not offer family therapy where the family is the client. However, I believe it is invaluable for family members to participate in the client’s treatment, and research shows better long term outcomes for clients whose families get involved in supporting their work in therapy.

    I will invite a family member to join you for your session if you and I agree that it would be helpful. There are two ways I involve family members or other support persons:

    1. Collateral sessions

    2. Collateral interviews

    “Collateral” is the term we therapists use to refer to anyone in the client’s sphere, such as family, friends, other emotional or recovery supports, other healthcare workers, and legal professionals.

    Collateral Sessions

    The purpose of a collateral session is to provide insight or assistance with the therapeutic process for the support of the client. As the clinician, my role in a collateral session is to gather information, facilitate communication, and provide educational resources or clinical referrals when beneficial.

    It is also my role to discourage triangulation in therapy. Triangulation is when you have three people and one of them pits the other two against each other, one of them tries to control or repair conflicts between the other two, or two of them gang up on the third. Triangulation can increase stress and conflict and stall or prevent conflict resolution. In these cases triangulation is counterproductive to the healing process and can twist therapy sessions from empowering experiences into wearisome and soul-crushing experiences. When triangulation is present, I may advise against collateral sessions at that time.

    Collateral Interviews

    A collateral interview may be a phone conversation, email, or video session that takes place without the presence of the client. The purpose of a collateral interview is for the collateral to:

    • provide background information or another perspective on the client’s history and current struggles.

    • receive education and resources regarding the client’s diagnosis and symptoms.

    • improve communications with the client.

    • set goals for healthy boundaries between the collateral and the client to support the client’s progress.

    • discuss the discontinuation of enabling behaviors.

    • point out and discourage triangulation.

    • refer collaterals to a therapist when appropriate.

    Policies for family members and other collaterals:

    • I will always consult with a client before agreeing to involve a collateral. A signed release of information from the client is required before a collateral session will be considered.

    • Collateral sessions are not therapy sessions for the family member(s). The collateral is a guest, and is there to support the client. Collaterals should not substitute these sessions for their own therapy and recovery. It is important for family members of addicts and alcoholics to have a recovery of their own so they can process how their loved one’s addiction has affected them.

    • The family member is there to provide background, insight, or feedback about the issues the client is working on in therapy, or to request resources for their own education and recovery regarding the client’s case.

    • Collaterals are not clients and are not protected under HIPAA law. The right to confidentiality is held by the client, not the collateral.

    • Collaterals are not entitled to any records resulting from the session or interview.

    • Collaterals should be aware that records of a client’s collateral sessions and interviews follow the client’s chart wherever the client authorizes the materials in it to go.

    • I will not hold secrets from a client on behalf of a collateral. If someone contacts me about a client, I will notify the client and may discuss the content of that contact.

    • Collateral sessions and interviews are billed at my base hourly rates.

    • Family and friends of clients should not expect phone, text, or email contact with me outside of sessions or interviews.

    Note to family members and other support persons:

    If you contact me about a client, and I do not have the client’s consent to speak with you, I will:

    • not respond at all unless I have a written release of information from the client.

    • respond in a limited manner according to the written release of information the client provided specifically for that contact.

    • respond with “Per HIPAA law, I can neither confirm nor deny whether someone is or has been a client, or even if they have contacted me”.

    • not respond to voice mail messages from collaterals because it is my policy to limit calls to appointments only.

  • I do not refer my clients for drug or alcohol testing. If you are recovering from an addiction, you do not need a drug test to tell you whether or not you are using alcohol or other drugs. You know. Generally speaking, I know too. It's pretty easy to tell when someone is still struggling with alcohol or drug use, or is acting out on a behavioral addiction.

    Since I do not deal with insurance companies, I am not required to report negative substance screenings to justify continued treatment coverage. I do not think anyone benefits from me asking you to pay for drug or alcohol screenings except for the company that bills you for the labs.

    Making someone else responsible for tracking your drug or alcohol use may provide accountability, but it does not improve your personal sense of responsibility and can contribute to your feelings of shame and guilt. You'll benefit a lot more from developing an honest therapeutic relationship in which we can work on your coping skills, relapse prevention skills, and self-monitoring skills.

  • The following conditions may be a strong indication that telemental health therapy is not a good fit for you at this time.

    • If technology causes you so much stress that you avoid logging on to your devices.

    • If you are so suspicious of technology/electronics that your suspicion undermines your confidence in HIPAA-secure applications and processes.

    • If you are abusing alcohol or other drugs excessively on a daily basis.

    • If you are unwilling to identify an appropriate support person in the case of need.

    • If you are unwilling to verify your identity, location, and phone number.

    • If you are not comfortable submitting payment online.

    • If you are suicidal, or have a significant risk of becoming so.

    • If you are planning to hurt someone else, are homicidal, or have a significant risk of becoming so.

    • If you are currently a victim of domestic abuse and do not have a private location and time in which to receive teletherapy without your abuser’s presence or observation (electronic or otherwise).

    There are risks to receiving telemental health services in domestic abuse situations. Some of these risks include compromises to your privacy and security. For example, your abuser may install spyware on your devices, or may insist that you share your passwords and passphrases with them so they can access your therapy records and other protected health information. Your abuser may insist on being present during your sessions or monitor your sessions with electronic listening devices. Because of these risks, teletherapy may not be the safest option for you. If you are living in an abusive situation, please contact one of the crisis resources on my find immediate help page.

Fee Questions

  • My base hourly rate is $180/hour. Please see my fees and payments policy for more details. It’s there any time you need a quick reference.

    I offer sliding scale options for OpenPath clients and professional courtesty discounts for qualifying psychotherapists. Graduate students in degree-seeking programs that train psychotherapists are also eligible for this rate.

    OpenPath clients are screened for need and may be clients without insurance, clients whose insurance does not cover mental health services, or clients whose insurance deductible is prohibitively high. You must register with OpenPath to receive these sliding scale rates.

    A qualifying psychotherapist is a psychotherapist who is in the first five years of full licensure or is a registered intern or associate psychotherapist.

    Please see my sliding scale rates policy or my professional courtesy rate policy for more details.

    To provide an elevated experience and ensure privacy, my practice is a private-pay practice. Private-pay is also known as self-pay, direct-pay, or out-of-pocket payment. Health plans often use the terms non-contracted provider or non-participating provider to refer to private pay practices, not to be confused with out-of-network providers. Out-of-network providers typically supply superbills, while self-pay providers typically do not. I can supply superbills if you wish. Please see the next FAQ for more details on the pros and cons of superbills.

  • I do not. There are several reasons:

    • If we submit claims to insurance companies, they require me to provide a diagnosis. In my experience, our behavior in active addiction mimics many DSM diagnoses, most notably personality disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders. We go through many changes in our first year of recovery. Because of these changes, you may find that you no longer fit the criteria for the same diagnoses you seemed to have when you first entered recovery. For this reason, I prefer to postpone labeling you with a diagnosis until you’ve developed some coping skills in therapy.

    • If we submit a claim to them, insurance companies have the right to read and obtain copies of anything in your chart. Increased privacy is one of the core values of my practice, so that doesn’t sit well with me.

    • Insurance companies put a cap on how much time I can spend with you. I believe that should be up to you.

    • Insurance companies do not reimburse for text-based services or for your private e-library, and I believe those services are helpful, relevant, and important.

    • Many health plans either do not reimburse for phone therapy or require us to jump through a lot of hoops to get it authorized, causing you stress, anxiety, and frustration.

    • Insurance companies have rules about which diagnoses deserve reimbursement and which do not. As a private pay provider, I do not have to pathologize your symptoms in order to get paid. I am able to favor ethics over bureaucracy.

    Superbills and Receipts


    My standard practice is to provide receipts instead of superbills. If you plan to submit claims to a health plan, please let me know during your intake so I can provide superbills instead. A superbill is a special type of receipt that has additional information required by insurance companies. When you request a superbill, it will be necessary to give you a diagnosis and to adhere to health plan rules regarding session length. Please note that some services may not be covered even with a superbill.

    If your insurance company requires your records in order to approve a claim, you will need to request the records from me and send them yourself. As a non-contracted provider, I do not participate in chart audits or claims justification, and I will not communicate with the insurance company on your behalf. This may make it harder for you to obtain reimbursement, and it may result in denial of a claim.

    If you need a referral to a clinician who accepts insurance, please contact your insurance company for a list of contracted providers.

  • Payment is due no later than 24 hours before your scheduled session. I will send you a payment link when you schedule your appointments.

    If you forget to make a payment, I will charge the card you’ve placed on file 24 hours before your appointment time, after the cancellation window has passed. If payment cannot be charged within 24 hours of the appointment for any reason, the appointment will be automatically canceled. If the appointment is made less than 24 hours in advance, the fee will be charged immediately to hold the slot.

  • I use an established payment processor called Square. Square provides multiple payment method options, including credit and debit cards, prepaid cards, HSA cards, Afterpay, cash apps, Apple Pay, Google Pay, and Samsung Pay.

    Square is HIPAA-compliant and practices payment industry security standards of encryption.

    You will be prompted to save your payment information when you pay for your initial session. If you choose not to at that time, we will set up your Square payment portal during the initial session so you can store your payment information, receive invoice reminders, and make payments securely at the touch of a button.

    Square sends automatic receipts to your email address. You have the option to turn off automatic receipts if you prefer.

    Please be reminded that I do not accept insurance. If you need a referral to a clinician who accepts insurance, please contact your insurance company for a list of contracted providers.

  • All current clients must have a valid payment card on file through the Square portal or services will not be scheduled. After I accept you as a client, I will send you the link to fill out a credit card authorization form through Square’s secure portal.

    If your payment is declined either because your card expired or there is no payment method on file, your appointment will be canceled. It is your responsibility to keep a current card on file.

    Your card on file may be a credit card or a debit card, but cannot be an HSA card.

  • Late Cancellation Fees

    The first late cancellation will be charged at 50% of your scheduled session fee as a one-time courtesy for active clients. This courtesy will be handled as a credit, not a refund. The credit will be applied toward any appointment in the two weeks that follow the cancellation. It will not be refunded.

    Any late cancellations thereafter will be charged at 100% of your scheduled session fee.

    A cancellation is considered late if you cancel less than 24 hours prior to the scheduled appointment time. After three consecutive cancellations by the same client, the policy changes to 48 hours notice, and a cancellation will be considered late if you cancel less than 48 hours prior to the scheduled appointment time.

    I reserve the right to terminate therapy with clients who show a pattern of late cancellations. If you’re on my caseload, I have a responsibility to meet with you regularly. If meeting at the scheduled time isn’t working out for you, please talk to me about finding a different time or switching from video to phone sessions.

    Missed Appointment Fees

    If you do not cancel with at least 24 hours notice and do not show up for an appointment, that’s considered a missed appointment, otherwise known as a “no-show.” The full fee will be charged for missed appointments based on the amount of time scheduled.

    With text, email, and voicemail, there is always a way to let me know if you cannot make your appointment, except in the case of an emergency. In limited circumstances, I will consider issuing a credit in the case of an emergency. Documentation of the emergency may be requested. There will be no refunds for no shows/missed appointments, only credits, and only for emergencies..

    Please be advised that services may be terminated in the case of repeated no shows.

  • For the purposes of cancellations and no-shows, an emergency is defined as one or more of the following:

    • You are in the emergency room for yourself or an immediate family member.

    • Someone you take care of has fallen ill suddenly.

    • You are in a serious automobile accident.

    • You are in a situation that involves law enforcement or incarceration.

    • Death

  • I will send a first appointment reminder 48 hours prior to your appointment time. This gives you time to make your payment or update your card if it has expired prior to the cancellation window so you do not get charged or lose the slot. I will send a second reminder 24 hours prior to your appointment time. These reminders are courtesies, and the technology may occasionally fail. Showing up for appointments is your responsibility. Failure to receive a reminder does not waive the late cancellation fee.

    I do not allow clients to carry a balance. If there are any additional services you’ve requested outside of your scheduled appointments (e.g., additional session time, supplemental documentation), I will send you an invoice and a payment link. You will need to pay the balance no later than 24 hours before your next appointment to avoid suspension of services.

  • You have the right to receive a “Good Faith Estimate” explaining how much your medical care will cost. Under the law, health care providers need to give patients who don’t have insurance or who are not using insurance an estimate of the bill for medical items and services.

    You have the right to receive a Good Faith Estimate for the total expected cost of any non-emergency items or services. This includes related costs like medical tests, prescription drugs, equipment, and hospital fees.

    Make sure your healthcare provider gives you a Good Faith Estimate in writing at least 1 business day before your medical service or item. You can also ask your healthcare provider, and any other provider you choose, for a Good Faith Estimate before you schedule an item or service.

    If you receive a bill that is at least $400 more than your Good Faith Estimate, you can dispute the bill.

    Make sure to save a copy or picture of your Good Faith Estimate. Save it in a secure location.

    For questions or more information about your right to a Good Faith Estimate, visit www.cms.gov/nosurprises or call the No Surprises Help Desk at 1-800-985-3059.

    (Source)

  • No. I do not accept bulk payments for psychotherapy appointments. Session payments will not be collected more than one week prior to a scheduled appointment.

  • If you plan to have someone else pay for your therapy, you will need to fill out an authorization for disclosure and release of information that is specific to third party payors. You will have the option to limit this release to issues related to payment and session attendance.

    The person or entity paying for your services will need to complete a third party payor financial agreement and a credit card authorization for third party payors, and they will need to provide a valid photo ID. The financially responsible party will need to keep a card on file, no exceptions. You can find those forms in the client portal tab in the dropdown menu at the top of this website.

Technology and Security Questions

  • Yes. I have provided detailed information about the applications I use in my HIPAA Notice of Privacy Practices and Technology and Security Policies and Procedures.

    You can opt out of using these secure applications, but for your protection and peace of mind, I do not recommend it.

  • You do not need to be a tech expert, or even be comfortable with the programs I use, but you do need to be willing to use them. I am happy to spend time acclimating you to the technology. But if you are tech-resistant or using apps to communicate causes you such anxiety that you will avoid scheduling or keeping sessions, please find a local counselor who provides in-person services and save yourself the stress.

    If you are not willing to create and safely store passwords and passcodes, virtual counseling is going to compromise your security and privacy. If you are not willing to spend time learning how to use the programs I use to deliver services to you, either with my guidance or on your own, this practice is not the right fit for you.

    If you need help deciding if you can handle the tech part of things, have a look at my technology self-assessment screening for more detailed information.

    If you’ve got problems figuring out the applications, I’ve got suggestions for you in my tech support policies and procedures. If those suggestions don’t resolve your technical issues, I’ve put together a collection of tutorials for you on my tech trainings page that will walk you through how the applications work and how to troubleshoot them when they don’t work as expected. If none of that helps, shoot me an email or a text.

  • For teletherapy to work smoothly, you will need, at minimum:

    • A computer and/or smartphone.

    • A reliable internet connection.

    • An email address you check regularly.

    • A free HIPAA-secure mobile app (I will send you a link for this).

    • The willingness to access communications and materials online.

    • The willingness to either use secure sign-on methods or sign a waiver to use unsecured methods.

    • The willingness to remit payment online through secure applications.

    Please read my HIPAA notice of privacy practices and my technology and security policies and procedures for detailed information about the apps I use.

  • With all technology, there are some limitations. Technology may occasionally fail before or during our session. Technical problems may be related to internet connection, difficulties with hardware, software, equipment, and/or services supplied by a 3rd party. Any problems with internet availability or connectivity are outside my control, so I cannot guarantee that such services will be available or work as expected. The good news is that my practice offers several methods of communication, so as long as you're willing to switch gears with me, we can find a way to keep your appointment even in the event of technical problems.

    In the event that something occurs to prevent or disrupt any scheduled appointment due to technical complications and the session cannot be completed via online video, I will first attempt to use the chat feature of the video application to troubleshoot. If this feature is unavailable, I will contact you through another application to complete the session, either by phone, text, or email. It may be necessary for us to adapt and use an alternate method of communication that day, or a different format. This is one reason it is important to let me know if any of your contact information changes. Please make sure I have your current phone number(s) and email address. Please keep my contact information on hand for all scheduled appointments just in case we experience technical issues.

    Please read my technology and security policies and procedures for recommendations on how to troubleshoot technical issues and a discussion of the risks involved in using technology.

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